- Hong Kong is the most expensive city globally, with four other Asian cities in the global top 10
- With a weaker RMB, all Chinese cities surveyed dropped in the rankings – Shanghai (7) and Beijing (10)
- Singapore remains in fourth place, followed by Tokyo, which climbed from 11 to fifth
Mercer Cost of Living Survey – Worldwide Rankings 2016
(The Mercer international basket, including rental accommodation costs)
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Rank as of March
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City
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Country
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2016
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2
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1
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HONG KONG
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Hong Kong
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1
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2
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LUANDA
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Angola
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3
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3
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ZURICH
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Switzerland
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4
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4
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SINGAPORE
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Singapore
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11
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5
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TOKYO
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Japan
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13
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6
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KINSHASA
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Dem. Rep. of the Congo
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6
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7
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SHANGHAI
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China
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5
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8
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GENEVA
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Switzerland
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10
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9
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NDJAMENA
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Chad
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7
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10
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BEIJING
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China
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Mercer’s 22nd annual Cost of Living Survey* finds that factors including currency fluctuations, cost inflation for goods and services, and instability of accommodation prices, contribute to the cost of expatriate packages for employees on international assignments.
“Despite technology advances and the rise of a globally-connected workforce, deploying expatriate employees remains an increasingly important aspect of a competitive multinational company’s business strategy,” said Ilya Bonic, Senior Partner and President of Mercer’s Talent business. “However, with volatile markets and stunted economic growth in many parts of the world, a keen eye on cost efficiency is essential, including a focus on expatriate remuneration packages. As organisations’ appetite to rapidly grow and scale globally continues, it is necessary to have accurate and transparent data to compensate fairly for all types of assignments, including short-term and local plus status.”
According to Mercer’s 2016 Cost of Living Survey, Hong Kong tops the list of most expensive cities for expatriates, pushing Luanda, Angola to second position. Zurich in Switzerland and Singapore remain in third and fourth positions, respectively, whereas Tokyo, Japan is fifth, up six places from last year. Other Asian cities appearing in the top 10 of Mercer’s costliest cities for expatriates are Shanghai (7) and Beijing (10).
Mercer's survey is one of the world’s most comprehensive, and is designed to help multinational companies and governments determine compensation strategies for their expatriate employees. New York City is used as the base city for all comparisons and currency movements are measured against the US dollar. The survey includes over 375 cities throughout the world; this year’s ranking includes 209 cities across five continents and measures the comparative cost of more than 200 items in each location, including housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods, and entertainment.
“Maximising return on investment with fewer resources and talent shortages worldwide makes growth initiatives more difficult for multinationals,” said Bonic. “Organisations must ensure they can facilitate the moves they need to drive business results by offering fair and competitive compensation packages.”
Bonic added that costs of goods and services shift with inflation and currency volatility making overseas assignment costs sometimes greater and sometimes smaller. Low levels of inflation have translated into fairly steady cost increases around the world.
Asia Pacific
This year, Hong Kong (1) emerged as the most expensive city for expatriates both in Asia and globally, as a consequence of Luanda’s drop in the ranking due to the weakening of its local currency. Singapore (4) remained steady, while Tokyo (5) climbed six places. Shanghai (7) and Beijing (10) follow. Shenzhen, China (12) is up two places, while Seoul, Korea (15) and Guangzhou, China (18) dropped seven and three spots, respectively.
Mario Ferraro, Global Mobility Leader for Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA) at Mercer, said, “Many Asian cities remain amongst the world’s most expensive places to deploy expatriates. However, this has not hindered companies from relocating talent here, as the region continues to offer growth potential and the demand for top talent remains high. With the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) becoming official on January 1 this year, the region represents a US$2.6 trillion market and this continues to attract companies to Southeast Asia. Companies tend to choose Singapore as the regional hub for this huge collective market, because of its talent pool and established infrastructure.”
“The strengthening of the Japanese yen pushed Japanese cities up in the ranking,” said Nathalie Constantin-Métral, Principal at Mercer with responsibility for compiling the survey ranking. “However, Chinese cities fell in the ranking due to the weakening of the Chinese yuan against the US dollar.”
Mumbai (82) is India’s most expensive city, followed by New Delhi (130) and Chennai (158). Kolkata (194) and Bangalore (180) are the least expensive Indian cities ranked. Elsewhere in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand (74), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (151) and Hanoi, Vietnam (106) plummeted twenty-nine, thirty-eight, and twenty places, respectively. Baku, Azerbaijan (172) had the most drastic fall in the ranking, plummeting more than one hundred places. The city of Ashkhabad in Turkmenistan climbed sixty-one spots to rank 66 globally.
Australian cities have witnessed some of the most dramatic falls in the ranking this year as the local currency has depreciated against the US dollar. Brisbane (96) and Canberra (98) dropped thirty and thirty-three spots, respectively, while Sydney (42), Australia’s most expensive ranked city for expatriates, experienced a relatively moderate drop of eleven places. Melbourne fell twenty-four spots to rank 71.
The Middle East
For the Middle East, Dubai, UAE was ranked 21st, while Abu Dhabi, UAE (25), and Beirut, Lebanon (50) were also in the top 50. Jeddah, KSA (121) remains the least expensive city in the region despite rising thirty places. “Several cities in the Middle East experienced a jump in the ranking, as they are being pushed up by other locations’ decline, as well as the strong increase for expatriate rental accommodation costs, particularly in Abu Dhabi and Jeddah,” said Constantin-Métral.
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For the Middle East, Dubai, UAE was ranked 21st, while Abu Dhabi, UAE (25), and Beirut, Lebanon (50) were also in the top 50. Jeddah, KSA (121) remains the least expensive city in the region despite rising thirty places. “Several cities in the Middle East experienced a jump in the ranking, as they are being pushed up by other locations’ decline, as well as the strong increase for expatriate rental accommodation costs, particularly in Abu Dhabi and Jeddah,” said Constantin-Métral.
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Mercer produces individual cost of living and rental accommodation cost reports for each city surveyed. Get more information on city rankings.
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*The figures for Mercer’s cost of living and rental accommodation costs comparisons are derived from a survey conducted in March 2016. Exchange rates from that time and Mercer’s international basket of goods and services from its Cost of Living survey have been used as base measurements.
*The figures for Mercer’s cost of living and rental accommodation costs comparisons are derived from a survey conducted in March 2016. Exchange rates from that time and Mercer’s international basket of goods and services from its Cost of Living survey have been used as base measurements.
