India and Vietnam are outperforming their development-level peers, according to the
Global Innovation Index 2017* (
GII)
co-authored by Cornell University, INSEAD and the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO). Key findings show the rise of India as an
emerging innovation centre in Asia.
Each year, the
GII surveys
some 130 economies using dozens of metrics, from patent filings to
education spending providing decision makers a high-level look at the
innovative activity that increasingly drives economic and social growth.
In a new feature for the
GII, a special section looks at
“invention hotspots” around the globe that show the highest density of
inventors listed in international patent applications.
Now in its 10th edition, the
GII 2017 notes
a continued gap in innovative capacity between developed and developing
nations and lacklustre growth rates for research and development
(R&D) activities, both at the government and corporate levels.
“Innovation
is the engine of economic growth in an increasingly knowledge-based
global economy, but more investment is needed to help boost human
creativity and economic output,” said WIPO Director General Francis
Gurry. “Innovation can help transform the current economic upswing into
longer-term growth.”
Global rankings 2017, with 2016 rankings in brackets
1
|
Switzerland
(No. 1 in 2016)
|
14
|
Japan
(16)
|
2
|
Sweden
(2)
|
15
|
France
(18)
|
3
|
Netherlands
(9)
|
16
|
Hong
Kong (14)
|
4
|
US (4)
|
17
|
Israel
(21)
|
5
|
UK (3)
|
18
|
Canada
(15)
|
6
|
Denmark
(8)
|
19
|
Norway
(22)
|
7
|
Singapore
(6)
|
20
|
Austria
(20)
|
8
|
Finland
(5)
|
21
|
New
Zealand (17)
|
9
|
Germany
(10)
|
22
|
Mainland China
(25)
|
10
|
Ireland
(7)
|
23
|
Australia
(19)
|
11
|
Korea (11)
|
24
|
Czech
Republic (27)
|
12
|
Luxembourg
(12)
|
25
|
Estonia
(24)
|
13
|
Iceland
(13)
|
|
|
In
2017, high-income economies took 24 of the top 25 spots, China being the
exception at No. 22. In 2016, China became the first-ever
middle income economy in the top 25.
“Efforts
to bridge the innovation divide have to start with helping emerging
economies understand their innovation strengths and weaknesses and
create appropriate policies and metrics,” said Soumitra Dutta,
Dean, Cornell SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University.
“This has been the GII’s purpose for more than ten years now.”
A
group of middle and lower-income economies performed significantly
better on innovation than their current level of development would
predict: a total of 17 economies comprise these ‘innovation
achievers’ this year, a slight increase from 2016. Next
to innovation powerhouses such as mainland China, Japan, and Korea, a group of Asian economies including Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam are actively
working to improve their innovation ecosystems and rank high in a
number of important indicators related to education, research and development (R&D),
productivity growth, high-tech exports, among others.
The theme of the GII 2017, Innovation Feeding the World, looks
at innovation carried out in agriculture and food systems. Over the
next decades, the agriculture and food sector will face an enormous rise
in global demand and increased competition for limited natural
resources. In addition, it will need to adapt to and help mitigate
climate change. Innovation is key to sustaining the productivity growth
required to meet this rising demand and to helping enhance the networks
that integrate the sustainable food production, processing,
distribution, consumption, and waste management known as food systems.
“We
are already witnessing the rapid, worldwide emergence of ‘digital
agriculture,’ which includes drones, satellite-based sensors and
field robotics,” said Bruno Lanvin, INSEAD Executive Director for
Global Indices. “Now there is an urgent need for ‘smart
agriculture’ to optimise supply and distribution chains and foster
creative new business models that minimise pressure on land, energy
and other natural resources - while addressing the needs of the
world’s poorest.”
“By
2050, the world’s population is estimated to reach 9.7 billion.
This presents the global agricultural sector with a daunting
challenge. The stage has been set for a potential global food crisis
if policy makers and other stakeholders fail to implement
agricultural innovation that significantly boosts productivity,”
said Barry Jaruzelski, Principal at Strategy&, PwC's strategy
consulting business.
Korea
maintains its top overall
rankings in patenting and other intellectual property (IP)-related indicators, while ranking
second in human capital and research, with its business sector
contributing significantly to R&D efforts. Japan,
ranked third in the region, is in the top 10 global economies for
R&D, information and communication technologies,
trade, competition, market scale, knowledge absorption, creation, and
diffusion.
China
continues moving ahead in the overall GII ranking (22nd
overall this year), reflecting high scores in business sophistication
and knowledge and technology outputs. China this year displays a
strong performance in several indicators, including the presence of
global R&D companies, research talent in business enterprise,
patent applications and other IP‐related
variables.
Within
the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN):
- Singapore is
the top performer in most of the indicators, with a few notable
exceptions: ICT services exports, where the Philippines leads, and
expenditure on education, where Vietnam leads.
- Thailand’s
strengths include creative goods exports and gross domestic
expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by business, where it places
5th and 6th globally.
- Vietnam shows the second best rank of the region in expenditure on
education and also performs well in labour productivity growth,
economy-wide investment, and foreign direct investment net inflows.
- Malaysia
ranks well in high-tech imports and exports, university/industry
research collaboration, and graduates in science and engineering.
By subregion, India, 60th
globally, is the top-ranked economy in Central and Southern Asia. It has
outperformed on innovation relative to its GDP per capita for
seven years in a row, researchers note. India has shown improvement in
most areas,
including in infrastructure, business sophistication, knowledge and
technology and creative outputs. India
ranks 14th
overall in the presence of global R&D companies, considerably
better than comparable groups of lower- and upper-middle-income
economies. India also surpasses most other middle-income economies in
science and engineering graduates, gross capital formation, GERD
performed by business, research talent, on the input side; quality of
scientific publications, growth rate of GDP per worker, high-tech and
ICT services exports, creative goods exports, high-tech manufactures,
and IP receipts on the output side.
“Public
policy plays a pivotal role in creating an enabling environment
conducive to innovation. In the last two years, we have seen
important activities around the GII in India like the formation of
India’s high-level Task Force on Innovation and consultative
exercises on both innovation policy and better innovation metrics,”
said Chandrajit Banerjee, Director General, Confederation of Indian
Industry.
Iran (75th overall) excels in tertiary
education, ranking second in the world in number of graduates in
science and engineering. Tajikistan (94th) is first in the world in
microfinance loans, while Kazakhstan (78th) ranks first
globally in pupil‐teacher ratio and third in ease of protecting
minority investors.
Third
in the Northern Africa and Western Asia region is the UAE (35th
globally), benefiting from increased data availability and shows
strengths in tertiary inbound mobility, innovation clusters and
ICT-driven business model innovation. Sixteen
of the 19 economies in the Northern Africa and Western Asia region
are in the top 100 globally, including Turkey (43rd), Qatar (49th), KSA (55th), Kuwait (56th), Bahrain (66th),
Oman (77th), Lebanon (81st), Azerbaijan (82nd), and Jordan (83rd).
The
GII,
in its 10th edition this year, is co-published by Cornell University,
INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a
specialised agency of the United Nations. Published annually since 2007,
the
GII is now a leading benchmarking tool for business
executives, policy makers and others seeking insight into the state of
innovation around the world. Policymakers, business leaders and other
stakeholders use the
GII to evaluate progress on a continual basis.
The core of the
GII report
consists of a ranking of world economies’ innovation capabilities and
results. Recognising the key role of innovation as a driver of economic
growth and prosperity, and the need for a broad horizontal vision of
innovation applicable to developed and emerging economies, the
GII includes indicators that go beyond the traditional measures of innovation such as the level of research and development.
In April, INSEAD separately announced that Singapore had been ranked No. 1 in Asia Pacific and No. 2 globally according to the Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI) 2017.
Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2017
Rankings: Top Ten
1 Switzerland
2 Singapore
3 UK
4 US
5 Sweden
6 Australia
7 Luxembourg
8 Denmark
9 Finland
10 Norway
Singapore is ranked second globally for the fourth consecutive year, retaining its top spot in Asia Pacific.
Australia (6th), New Zealand (14th), Japan (22nd), Malaysia (28th) and
South Korea (29th), ranked within the Top 30 globally.
Produced in partnership with The Adecco Group and the Human Capital
Leadership Institute of Singapore (HCLI), the
GTCI is an annual
benchmarking report that measures the ability of countries to compete
for talent. Focusing on
Talent and Technology, the 2017 report
explores the effects of technological change on talent competitiveness
and the future of work, arguing that while jobs at all levels continue
to be replaced by machines, technology is also creating new
opportunities.
In Asia Pacific, the countries that ranked within the Top 30 globally included:
- Singapore (2nd)
- Australia (6th)
- New Zealand (14th)
- Japan (22nd)
- Malaysia (28th)
- South Korea (29th)
- Philippines (52nd)
- Kazakhstan (53rd)
- China (54th)
- Thailand (73rd)
- Sri Lanka (82nd)
- Kyrgyzstan (87th)
- Mongolia (72nd)
- Vietnam (86th)
- Indonesia (90th)
- India (92nd)
- Bhutan (98th)
- Iran (103rd)
- Cambodia (108th)
- Pakistan (111th)
- Bangladesh (113rd)
The
GTCI is
an annual study measuring the ability of countries to compete for
talent. Designed for governments, businesses and non-profit
organisations, the
GTCI ranks over 100 economies according to their ability to develop, attract and retain talent.
High-ranking
countries share key traits, including educational systems that meet the
needs of the economy; employment policies that favour flexibility,
mobility and entrepreneurship; and high connectedness of stakeholders in
business, education and government as well as high level of
technological competence, INSEAD said.
Ilian Mihov, Dean of INSEAD, said: “This year’s
GTCI report
shows that countries in the Asia Pacific region demonstrate strong
talent readiness for technology. It also highlights the important role
of education. Educational systems have to revamp to help learners foster
learning agility and adjust on the fly of changing conditions. INSEAD
looks forward to fully playing its role as a leading global provider of
talent and leadership.”
Singapore has shown outstanding
performance in the Enable, Attract and Global Knowledge pillars.
Countries can learn from Singapore’s well-developed regulatory and
market landscapes for global talent to thrive and its ability to
anticipate the movements of the economy.
Su-Yen Wong,
CEO of Human Capital Leadership Institute, commented: “The recent report
published by Singapore’s Committee on the Future Economy suggested that
building strong digital capabilities is one of the key strategies that
will propel Singapore’s growth for the next two decades. Digital
technologies will help small and exposed economies like Singapore punch
above their weight by creating means for their businesses and talent to
reach out to the global market. Countries must continue to upskill their
workforce so that they can adapt to the digitisation wave and the
sweeping structural changes that are poised to shakeup traditional work
arrangements.”
Asia’s giants China (54th) and India
(92nd) are still a fair distance away from the top. Bruno Lanvin,
Executive Director of Global Indices at INSEAD and co-editor of the
report said: “Overall, a big challenge for China and India lies in their
ability to attract talent, and they both face the issue of local
higher-skilled workers leaving to live and work abroad. To improve their
attractiveness, the countries can further boost their regulatory and
market landscapes.
“However, delving deeper and looking
at the city-level, the two countries have metropolises exemplary in
terms of their talent attractiveness. Shanghai and Mumbai (apart from
Singapore) are the only Asian cities identified and ranked in the
inaugural edition of the
Global Cities Talent Competitiveness Index (GCTCI), but future editions will undoubtedly include more, confirming the growing attractiveness of Asian cities.”
Australia (6th)
performed exceptionally being ranked in the Top 10 this year, as it is
one of the top countries in the Attract and Global Knowledge Skills
pillars. However, Vocational and Technical Skills show room for
improvement. This may indicate that the country’s structural shift
towards knowledge jobs and services is perhaps leaving gaps in the
technical/vocational area.
Christophe Duchatellier,
Regional Head of Asia Pacific, The Adecco Group, commented, “Although
Singapore, Australia and New Zealand all feature in the Top 20 of this
edition of the
Global Talent Competitiveness Index, these latest
findings highlight the increasing challenges that many countries in the
Asia Pacific region have in attracting and retaining talent. In 2017 we
are already observing organisations across the region placing an
increased emphasis on world-class talent attraction strategies and
tactics that will support them in remaining competitive. We would expect
to see more organisations offering internship and apprenticeship
programmes to foster skills development.”
Malaysia (28th)
is the top-ranked country in the group of upper-middle-income
countries. The country ranks above higher-income countries such as South
Korea (29th).
Paul Evans, The Shell Chair Professor of
Human Resources and Organisational Development, Emeritus, at
INSEAD, and Academic Director and co-editor of the
Global Talent Competitiveness Index said:
“Malaysia performs particularly well in the pillars of the Enabling
context and Vocational and Technical Skills. It also does well on
External Openness as it has been able to attract talent from overseas.
In addition, in terms of talent readiness for technology, Malaysia ranks
higher than South Korea even though the IT infrastructure of the latter
is much superior. The country can boost its rankings if it further
improves in Internal Openness in terms of tolerance of minorities.”
Japan (22nd)
has a solid overall performance, although it dipped slightly from last
year. One of its main challenges is the Attract pillar where it is far
behind the top three countries of this region. Middle-income countries
such as Malaysia attract more foreign talent.
Although South
Korea (29th) makes it into the top 30 this year, it is the
lowest-ranking high-income country in the region. Despite being the top
country in dimensions such as Tertiary enrollment and the Market
Landscape—with world-class R&D investments—the country has major
room for improvement in the Attract pillar.
The
Philippines (52nd) is the top lower-middle-income country, ranking above
several upper-middle-income countries such as China (54th), and even
above some high-income countries such as Kuwait (57th) and Oman (59th).
Its greatest strength is its good pool of both Vocational and Technical
Skills and Global Knowledge Skills.
Interested?
Download the
Global Innovation Index 2017 report
Read the Global Talent Competitiveness Index report
Download the GTCI 2017 Infographic at this link
Watch the GTCI 2017 Video graphic at this link
The Asia infographic is also attached for media usage.
*To support the global innovation debate, to guide polices and to
highlight good practices, metrics are required to assess innovation and
related policy performance. The GII creates an environment in which innovation factors are under continual evaluation, including the following features:
• 127 country/economy profiles, including data, ranks, and strengths and weaknesses
•
81 data tables for indicators from over 30 international public and
private sources, of which 57 are hard data, 19 composite indicators, and
five survey questions
• A transparent and replicable computation methodology including 90% confidence intervals for each index ranking (GII, output and input sub-indices) and an analysis of factors affecting year-on-year changes in rankings
The GII 2017 is
calculated as the average of two sub-indices. The Innovation Input
Sub-Index gauges elements of the national economy which embody
innovative activities grouped in five pillars:
- Institutions,
- Human capital and research,
- Infrastructure,
- Market sophistication, and
- Business sophistication.
The
Innovation Output Sub-Index captures actual evidence of innovation
results, divided in two pillars: knowledge and technology outputs
andcreative outputs.
The index is submitted to an independent statistical audit by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission.